Benefits of Milk Thistle: What Does The Expert’s Say

Milk thistle, scientifically known as Silybum marianum, is a flowering plant that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine. It is native to Mediterranean regions. Milk thistle gained popularity as a herbal remedy in the 20th century, particularly in the 1970s, when scientific interest grew regarding its potential benefits for liver health. Since then, it has remained a widely recognized and commonly used supplement.

In traditional medicine, milk thistle has been used for its hepatoprotective properties. It is believed to support liver health by promoting liver cell regeneration, protecting against liver damage, and aiding in detoxification. Milk thistle is also used to support digestion and as a mild laxative. 

Though there is limited research on the subject, this plant has other health benefits. Let’s explore some in the article. 

Active Compounds in Milk Thistle

1. Silybin

Silybin, also known as silibinin, is the primary bioactive component found in milk thistle. It is a flavonolignan and a major constituent of the complex mixture called silymarin. Silybin possesses potent antioxidant properties that help protect liver cells from oxidative damage. It supports liver health by promoting the regeneration and repair of liver cells, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, aids in detoxification processes, and has been studied for its potential in managing liver diseases and inhibiting the growth of certain cancer cells. Silybin plays a crucial role in the beneficial effects of milk thistle on liver function and overall well-being.

2. Silychristin

Silychristin is one of the primary bioactive components found in milk thistle. It is a flavonolignan and a part of the complex mixture known as silymarin. Along with silybin and silydianin, silychristin contributes to the overall health benefits of milk thistle. Silychristin exhibits antioxidant properties that help protect liver cells from oxidative stress. It supports liver function by promoting cell regeneration and repair, aids in detoxification processes, and, together with other flavonolignans, contributes to the hepatoprotective effects of milk thistle on liver health and overall well-being.

Health Benefits of Milk Thistle

Protecting Liver Health

1. Reduces the Risk of  Liver Diseases

Milk Thistle contains silymarin which acts as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, which helps shield liver cells from damage caused by free radicals and inflammation. It also promotes liver cell regeneration and inhibits the deposition of fibrous tissue, thereby preventing liver fibrosis. Furthermore, milk thistle enhances the detoxification process in the liver by stimulating the production of enzymes involved in toxin elimination. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the protective effects of milk thistle against liver diseases.

2. Helps Liver Regeneration

Milk thistle supports liver regeneration through its primary active constituent, silymarin. Silymarin promotes the growth and multiplication of liver cells, which aids in the regeneration of damaged liver tissue. It also stimulates the production of proteins that help protect liver cells from toxins and oxidative stress. Silymarin’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties further contribute to the rejuvenation of the liver by reducing inflammation and preventing cell damage. By supporting liver cell regeneration, milk thistle plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall health and function of the liver.

3. Supports Liver Detoxification

Milk thistle aids in the detoxification processes of the liver through several mechanisms. The active compound silymarin enhances the production of enzymes involved in detoxification, such as glutathione S-transferase. These enzymes play a key role in neutralizing and eliminating toxins from the body. Milk thistle also helps protect liver cells from damage caused by toxins, reducing the burden on the liver.

Additionally, silymarin has been shown to increase bile production, which aids in the elimination of waste products and toxins from the liver. These actions collectively support the liver’s detoxification processes.

Antioxidant Properties

1. Neutralizes Free Radicals

Milk thistle neutralizes free radicals through its high antioxidant content, primarily attributed to silymarin. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to various diseases. Silymarin acts as a potent antioxidant by scavenging and neutralizing free radicals, thereby preventing oxidative stress and cell damage in the liver. It also enhances the activity of other antioxidants, such as glutathione, which further strengthens the liver’s defense against free radicals. By effectively combating oxidative stress, milk thistle helps maintain the overall health and integrity of liver cells. 

2. Lowers Oxidative Stress

Milk thistle reduces oxidative stress through its antioxidant content, primarily silymarin. Silymarin acts as a powerful antioxidant by neutralizing harmful free radicals and reducing their damaging effects on liver cells. By doing so, milk thistle helps decrease oxidative stress, which is known to contribute to liver damage and various liver diseases. This antioxidant action of milk thistle contributes to its protective effects on the liver.

Reduces Chronic Inflammation

Milk thistle alleviates chronic inflammation through its anti-inflammatory properties, primarily mediated by silymarin. Silymarin inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators and reduces the activation of inflammatory pathways in the liver. By doing so, milk thistle helps mitigate chronic inflammation, which is a key factor in the progression of liver diseases. Additionally, silymarin can modulate the immune response, further reducing inflammation. By alleviating chronic inflammation, milk thistle supports the liver’s healing process and helps prevent further damage to liver cells, promoting overall liver health.

Manages Cholesterol

1. May Reduce LDL Cholesterol

Milk thistle reduces LDL cholesterol levels through its active compounds, including silymarin. Silymarin has been shown to inhibit the production and absorption of cholesterol in the liver, leading to decreased LDL cholesterol levels. Additionally, milk thistle promotes the activity of enzymes involved in the breakdown and elimination of cholesterol. These effects contribute to the reduction of LDL cholesterol and support cardiovascular health.

2. Improves Lipid Profile

Milk thistle improves the overall lipid profile by exerting multiple effects on lipid metabolism. The active compound silymarin helps lower LDL cholesterol levels while increasing HDL cholesterol, thereby improving the ratio of LDL to HDL. Additionally, milk thistle has been found to reduce triglyceride levels. These combined actions contribute to a healthier lipid profile, reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and promoting overall cardiovascular health.

Regulates Blood Sugar Levels

The active components in milk thistle, particularly silymarin, have been shown to enhance insulin sensitivity, allowing for better glucose uptake by cells. Silymarin also helps inhibit enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, leading to improved glycemic control. Additionally, milk thistle has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce insulin resistance. By supporting insulin function and reducing inflammation, milk thistle helps regulate blood sugar levels and may be beneficial for individuals with diabetes or metabolic syndrome.

Prevents Cancer

This plant exhibits potential cancer-preventive properties through its active compounds, including silymarin. Silymarin has been studied for its ability to inhibit cancer cell growth, induce cell cycle arrest, and promote apoptosis (cell death) in various types of cancer cells. It also possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which can help reduce the risk of cancer development. Furthermore, milk thistle may aid in detoxification processes, potentially reducing exposure to carcinogens. While further research is needed, milk thistle shows promise as a cancer-preventive agent.

Summarize

Milk thistle protects liver health by reducing the risk of liver diseases, supporting liver regeneration, aiding in liver detoxification, and providing antioxidant properties. It lowers oxidative stress, reduces chronic inflammation, manages cholesterol levels, improves lipid profiles, regulates blood sugar levels, and shows potential as a cancer-preventive agent through its active compounds, particularly silymarin. Overall, milk thistle offers a range of benefits for liver health and may contribute to overall well-being.

How to Include Milk Thistle In Your Diet 

1. Milk Thistle Supplements: If you prefer a standardized dosage of milk thistle, you can opt for milk thistle supplements in the form of capsules, tablets, or softgels. Consult with a healthcare professional to determine the appropriate dosage for your needs.

2. Milk Thistle Tea: Brew milk thistle seeds or a pre-packaged milk thistle tea blend by steeping them in hot water for about 10 minutes. You can enjoy it plain or add a natural sweetener like honey or stevia if desired.

3. Milk Thistle Sprouts: Grow milk thistle sprouts from its seeds and add them to salads, sandwiches, or as a topping for soups and dishes. They have a slightly bitter flavor but can add a nutritious element to your meals.

Remember to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating milk thistle into your diet, especially if you have underlying health conditions, are taking medications, or are pregnant or breastfeeding. They can provide personalized guidance on the best way to include milk thistle based on your specific circumstances.

Precaution and Side Effects of Milk Thistle

Milk thistle is generally considered safe for most individuals when taken orally and used in appropriate doses. However, it can cause mild and transient side effects in some cases. Here are some considerations regarding the safety and potential side effects of milk thistle:

Allergies: Individuals with known allergies to plants in the Asteraceae/Compositae family (such as ragweed, marigolds, and daisies) may be at a higher risk of allergic reactions to milk thistle.

Digestive Disturbances: Mild gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea, indigestion, bloating, and flatulence have been reported in some individuals.

Interactions with Medications: Milk thistle may interact with certain medications, including but not limited to anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and some prescription medications metabolized by the liver. Consultation with a healthcare professional is recommended if you are taking any medications.

Safety during Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Limited research is available regarding the safety of milk thistle during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It is best to consult with a healthcare professional before using it during these periods.

As with any supplement or herbal remedy, it is important to follow recommended dosages, be aware of potential interactions, and consult with a healthcare professional, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking other medications.

HealthifyMe Suggestion

Milk thistle ginger detox tea is a great way to include milk thistle in your daily diet. This tea supports and improves liver functions. Boil 1 teaspoon freshly sliced ginger in 1.5 cups water. Once boiled, remove from heat and add 1 tablespoon crushed milk thistle seeds and allow to brew for 5 mins. Enjoy this tea as an early morning detox drink.

Conclusion

Milk thistle has demonstrated significant potential in promoting overall health. Its active compound, silymarin, exhibits liver-protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, and blood sugar-regulating properties.

Additionally, it shows promise in cancer prevention and support. While research is ongoing, the existing evidence suggests that milk thistle can be a valuable addition to a well-rounded healthcare routine. However, it is important to consult a healthcare professional before incorporating milk thistle into your regimen, especially if you have existing health conditions or are taking medications. With proper guidance, milk thistle may contribute to improved health and well-being.

Disclaimer: The purpose of this article is just to disperse knowledge and raise awareness. It does not intend to replace medical advice from professionals. For further information please contact our certified nutritionists Here

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Research Sources

1. Milk Thistle: Effects on Liver Disease and Cirrhosis and Clinical Adverse Effects: Summary
   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11896/
2. Milk thistle for the treatment of liver disease
   https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(02)01244-5/fulltext